Artificial Intelligence

Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

The journal does not recognize AI-generated content as authorship, as AI lacks legal rights and responsibilities. Fully AI-generated texts or fragments are not considered scholarly publications.​

While non-generative AI tools (e.g., for image processing or enhancement) may be used, their application must be disclosed in the manuscript, particularly in figure captions, to allow for individual assessment.​

Generative AI images may be included for illustrative purposes, provided there is a clear description of the generation process and purpose. Such images must be explicitly labeled as AI-generated.​

The use of AI tools must be transparently stated in the manuscript, detailing the stages and methods of application. This information should be documented in the "Methods" section. Authors bear full responsibility for the accuracy and originality of their work, including content generated with AI assistance.​

Use of AI by Reviewers

Reviewers are requested not to upload manuscripts into generative AI tools. Editors select reviewers based on their expertise in the subject matter or methodologies pertinent to the manuscript. Reviewers are accountable for the accuracy and opinions expressed in their reports, and the peer review process relies on mutual trust among authors, reviewers, and editors. Given the limitations of generative AI tools, including potential inaccuracies and biases, and the confidential nature of manuscripts, reviewers should refrain from using such tools.​

If any part of the review is supported by AI tools, reviewers must disclose this in their report.​