FORENSIC RELIGIOUS EXPERTISE IN KAZAKHSTAN: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND ANALYTICAL APPROACHES

Abstract

This article examines the process of institutionalization of forensic religious expertise and analyzes the methodological approaches applied in its practice. Based on the study, three stages in the formation and institutional development of forensic religious expertise are identified, each shaped by the broader social and political context.

The article shows that the expansion of the anti-extremist agenda and the strengthening of state regulation of the religious sphere actualize the problem of finding a balance between the observance of the right to freedom of religion guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensuring the national security of the state. The authors argue that the quality of forensic religious expertise constitutes a key element of such a balanced approach, as it helps to reduce the risks of unjustified restrictions on freedom of religion, particularly with regard to religious communities representing a minority of the population.

The study highlights the quality criteria for the production of judicial religious expertise, among which special emphasis is placed on the objectivity, independence, and impartiality of expertise, the choice of relevant methods, as well as the strict boundaries of the competence of a religious expert. The authors show that the processes of digitalization of religion and society are changing the characteristics of the objects of expertise and forms of communication, which requires improving the methodology and methodological support of expertise and forensic experts in religious studies.