A HERMENEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF ONTOLOGICAL SECURITY IN KAZAKH CULTURE

Abstract

This article explores the mechanisms of maintaining ontological security in traditional and contemporary Kazakh culture. The novelty of the research lies in shifting the analytical focus from formal legal and state institutions to vernacular symbolic practices. Specifically, the author investigates the binary opposition of purity (tazalyq) and defilement (aram) alongside the dense network of verbal prohibitions (tyiym). By integrating philosophical hermeneutics, interpretivist sociology, and structuralism, the study redefines Kazakh taboos not as archaic superstitions but as a sophisticated, contemporary classificatory system for risk management. The author’s primary contribution is the hermeneutic deconstruction of the warning formula "zhaman bolady" ("it will be bad"). A further contribution of this study lies in the explicit epistemological repositioning of key Kazakh categories — tazalyq, aram, zheti ata, and köz tiуu — not as local variants of universal Western concepts, but as autonomous philosophical-ethical constructs grounded in the classical tradition of Kazakh moral thought (Abai Kunanbaev, Shakarim Qudaiberdiuly). Empirical fieldwork, based on thirty in-depth interviews across urban and rural settlements, reveals that the semantic ambiguity of this phrase is precisely its main regulatory strength. It functions as a performative signal that mitigates uncertainty and enforces social conformity without requiring rationalized explanations. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a striking resilience of these practices in modern megacities, where traditional norms act as therapeutic anchors against the anomie of liquid modernity. The study concludes that this escalating system of social control operates as a highly adaptable shadow infrastructure of security, offering vital practical implications for cultural policy, education, and social work.